Ruling parties in State Legislatures

Each state in India has its own democratically elected Vidhan Sabha (or Legislative Assembly). The political party or coalition with a majority in the state elections controls the Vidhan Sabha. Similar in structure and functioning to the Lok Sabha, each one is headed by a Chief Minister and a Council of Ministers.

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28
STATES
13
POLITICAL PARTIES
13 political parties rule the 28 states of India. In the national arena, 12 of these are members of major political alliances.
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SIKKIM DEMOCRATIC FRONT NAGA PEOPLE’S FRONT SAMAJWADI PARTY J&K NATIONAL CONFERENCE JANATA DAL (U) BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY JHARKHAND MUKTI MORCHA SHIROMANI AKALI DAL BIJU JANATA DAL COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHAGAM ALL INDIA TRINAMOOL CONGRESS
Ruling parties in State Legislatures
46.4%
states are ruled by an Indian National Congress government
17.3%
states are ruled by a Bharatiya Janata Party government
11
other political parties rule over one state each
46.4% 17.3%
UNITED PROGRESSIVE ALLIANCE + ALLIES NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE THIRD FRONT OTHER PARTIES

The Indian National Congress and other parties belonging to the United Progressive Alliance have been elected to 64.2% or 18 of 28 states in India.

Parties belonging to the National Democratic Alliance are in second place, having been elected to 21.4% or 6 of 28 states.

Indian National Congress
Andhra Pradesh N. Kiran Kumar Reddy
Arunachal Pradesh Nabam Tuki
Assam Tarun Gogoi
Haryana Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Himachal Pradesh Virbhadra Singh
Karnataka Siddaramaiah
Kerela Oommen Chandy
Maharashtra Prithviraj Chavan
Manipur Okram Ibobi Singh
Meghalaya Mukul Sangma
Mizoram Pu Lalthanhawla
Rajasthan Ashok Gehlot
Uttarakhand Vijay Bahuguna
_ _
Sikkim Democratic Front
Sikkim Pawan Kumar Chamling
_ _
Naga People’s Front
Nagaland Neiphiu Rio
_ _
Samajwadi Party
Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav
_ _
J&K National Conference
Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah
_ _
Janata Dal (United)
Bihar Nitish Kumar
_ _
Bharatiya Janata Party
Chhattisgarh Raman Singh
Goa Manohar Parrikar
Gujarat Narendra Modi
Madhya Pradesh Shivraj Singh Chauhan
_ _
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Hemant Soren
_ _
Shiromani Akali Dal
Punjab Parkash Singh Badal
_ _
Biju Janata Dal
Odisha (Orissa) Naveen Patnaik
_ _
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Tripura Manik Sarkar
_ _
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Tamil Nadu J. Jayalalitha
_ _
All India Trinamool Congress
West Bengal Mamata Banerjee
_ _

Data regarding the ruling parties of each state and their chief ministers was compiled from: http://india.gov.in/my-government/whos-who/chief-ministers, the relevant Wikipedia pages, and relevant links within both.

Wikipedia articles on this subject were updated along with new sources wherever necessary.